2001 FTA
The 2001 U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement — America's first with an Arab country — eliminated tariffs on qualifying goods by 2010.
- Historical data
- USTR
Concept proposal · For consideration
What the documented record shows about the economic relationship between Jordan and the United States: a deep but narrow trade channel, a nearly empty investment lane, large unstructured flows, and a competitive base with disclosed constraints. Every figure on this page carries its source class and year; the full register is on the Research and Evidence page.
Trade architecture
The preferential frame is long-standing and was renewed this year. The 2001 U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement — America's first with an Arab country — eliminated tariffs on qualifying goods by 2010. On July 21, 2026, the U.S. and Jordan signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade — the first such agreement in the Middle East. QIZ shipments now account for only about 1% of Jordanian exports to the U.S. (USTR). FTA preference requires ≥35% qualifying value content and direct shipment (CBP). Official U.S. figures cite growth of more than 1,200% since the FTA (trade.gov). The trajectory was interrupted in 2025: …before a 20% U.S. 'reciprocal' tariff was applied to Jordanian goods in April 2025.
2001 FTA
The 2001 U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement — America's first with an Arab country — eliminated tariffs on qualifying goods by 2010.
July 21, 2026
On July 21, 2026, the U.S. and Jordan signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade — the first such agreement in the Middle East.
~1%
QIZ shipments now account for only about 1% of Jordanian exports to the U.S. (USTR).
>1,200%
Official U.S. figures cite growth of more than 1,200% since the FTA (trade.gov).
Commercial announcements accompanying the 2026 agreement are recorded here as announcements, never as outcomes: Announced alongside the agreement: Royal Jordanian's $1.4B Boeing 787-9 purchase plus $500M in leasing, and $300M+/year of planned U.S. raw-material purchases (White House, July 2026). Hikma Pharmaceuticals announced $1B in new U.S. investment by 2030 (June 2025; Ohio and New Jersey) — a commitment also cited among the July 2026 trade-agreement announcements.
Scale of the relationship
Two-way goods and services trade totaled an estimated $7.3B in 2024, up 15% (USTR). …including roughly $1.9B in services trade (USTR, 2024). In 2025, U.S. goods exports to Jordan reached $2.3B and imports $3.1B (U.S. Census Bureau). …and the goods gap narrowed to under $50M in the first half of 2026 (Census, partial-year data).
~$7.3B
Two-way goods and services trade totaled an estimated $7.3B in 2024, up 15% (USTR).
~$1.9B
…including roughly $1.9B in services trade (USTR, 2024).
$2.3B out / $3.1B in
In 2025, U.S. goods exports to Jordan reached $2.3B and imports $3.1B (U.S. Census Bureau).
under $50M
…and the goods gap narrowed to under $50M in the first half of 2026 (Census, partial-year data).
The composition problem
The trade channel is deep but narrow. Over 90% of Jordan's garment exports go to the United States (U.S. ITA). Roughly 55–60% of U.S. imports from Jordan are apparel (2024 trade data). Concentration of this kind is a strategic vulnerability: demand shifts, sourcing decisions, or tariff treatment in a single category move the whole relationship. The proposed response is diversification through first-time exporters in consumer categories beyond apparel, sequenced on the Initiatives page.
>90%
Over 90% of Jordan's garment exports go to the United States (U.S. ITA).
~55–60%
Roughly 55–60% of U.S. imports from Jordan are apparel (2024 trade data).
The investment gap
U.S. FDI stock in Jordan was just $190M in 2022 on a historical-cost basis (BEA via State Dept) — the latest published figure. For comparison, Jordan attracted $1.6B in FDI in 2024 (UNCTAD/State Dept). The gap is not for lack of supply: Jordan's Ministry of Investment launched an investment map of 97 opportunities in November 2025, since expanded to ~100 (ministry reporting). Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022; the Aqaba Special Economic Zone's 5% income-tax rate; and the 2004 U.S.–Jordan tax treaty — each cited by name, from grade-A official sources. Nor for lack of official ambition elsewhere: …while the Jordan–EU Investment Conference (19 November 2026, Dead Sea) targets European capital behind a €3B EU package. The reverse lane — U.S. companies using Jordan as a production, services, or R&D base — has no standing promoter inside the United States. What a standing promoter looks like at scale, in the U.S. context: SelectUSA's Investment Summit has catalyzed $256B+ in announced U.S. investment projects and 130,000+ jobs (Commerce Dept) — announced, not realized.
$190M (2022)
U.S. FDI stock in Jordan was just $190M in 2022 on a historical-cost basis (BEA via State Dept) — the latest published figure.
$1.6B
Jordan attracted $1.6B in FDI in 2024 (UNCTAD/State Dept).
~100 opportunities
Jordan's Ministry of Investment launched an investment map of 97 opportunities in November 2025, since expanded to ~100 (ministry reporting).
Law 21/2022
Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022; the Aqaba Special Economic Zone's 5% income-tax rate; and the 2004 U.S.–Jordan tax treaty — each cited by name, from grade-A official sources.
€3B
…while the Jordan–EU Investment Conference (19 November 2026, Dead Sea) targets European capital behind a €3B EU package.
$256B+ announced
SelectUSA's Investment Summit has catalyzed $256B+ in announced U.S. investment projects and 130,000+ jobs (Commerce Dept) — announced, not realized.
Remittances versus investment
Remittances to Jordan reached ~$4.4B in 2024 — about 7.6% of GDP (World Bank). IOM estimates ~8% of Jordanians live abroad, contributing over 11% of GDP through remittances, investment and knowledge transfer. The gap between the scale of these flows and the absence of structured vehicles is the reason an investment-curation initiative appears in Tier 2 rather than Tier 1: curation has to be built before capital can be introduced responsibly. Jordan has never issued a diaspora-targeted bond (verified by search of CBJ/ministry instruments).
~$4.4B
Remittances to Jordan reached ~$4.4B in 2024 — about 7.6% of GDP (World Bank).
>11% of GDP
IOM estimates ~8% of Jordanians live abroad, contributing over 11% of GDP through remittances, investment and knowledge transfer.
none
Jordan has never issued a diaspora-targeted bond (verified by search of CBJ/ministry instruments).
Competitive base
Pharmaceutical exports grew 15% in 2024 to JD 611M and a further 5% in 2025 to JD 642M (Petra/industry data). Four Jordanian pharmaceutical plants hold U.S. FDA-recognized certification, accounting for ~60% of pharma exports to the U.S. (peer-reviewed analysis). Jordan received ~225,000 medical tourists generating ~$1B in 2024 (U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide). The global Dead Sea cosmetics market is estimated at $1.2–1.6B and growing ~6% annually (industry market research).
JD 642M
Pharmaceutical exports grew 15% in 2024 to JD 611M and a further 5% in 2025 to JD 642M (Petra/industry data).
4 plants
Four Jordanian pharmaceutical plants hold U.S. FDA-recognized certification, accounting for ~60% of pharma exports to the U.S. (peer-reviewed analysis).
~225,000
Jordan received ~225,000 medical tourists generating ~$1B in 2024 (U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide).
$1.2–1.6B
The global Dead Sea cosmetics market is estimated at $1.2–1.6B and growing ~6% annually (industry market research).
Jordan's ICT sector generates over $3.3B in revenue across 1,000+ firms (U.S. ITA). ~25,000 direct ICT jobs (U.S. ITA) — or 46,000+ ICT professionals per intaj's broader count; the two figures use different definitions and are never mixed. Jordan charges 0% tax on ICT exports.
>$3.3B
Jordan's ICT sector generates over $3.3B in revenue across 1,000+ firms (U.S. ITA).
~25,000 (ITA)
~25,000 direct ICT jobs (U.S. ITA) — or 46,000+ ICT professionals per intaj's broader count; the two figures use different definitions and are never mixed.
0%
Jordan charges 0% tax on ICT exports.
Jordan's economy grew ~2.6–2.8% in 2024–25, with GDP of ~$62B and a population of 11.6 million (World Bank/IMF). Jordan's Economic Modernisation Vision targets ~5.6% average growth, 1M+ jobs, and JD 41B of investment by 2033 — official targets, not outcomes. Actual growth (~2.6–2.8%) remains well below the Vision's 5.6% target — the gap this concept aims to help narrow.
~2.6–2.8%
Jordan's economy grew ~2.6–2.8% in 2024–25, with GDP of ~$62B and a population of 11.6 million (World Bank/IMF).
5.6% target
Jordan's Economic Modernisation Vision targets ~5.6% average growth, 1M+ jobs, and JD 41B of investment by 2033 — official targets, not outcomes.
gap to 5.6%
Actual growth (~2.6–2.8%) remains well below the Vision's 5.6% target — the gap this concept aims to help narrow.
Honest constraints
Disclosing constraints is a deliberate design choice of this concept; a proposal that hides them would not survive the reader it is written for.
~105/116
Jordan ranks ~105th of 116 on English proficiency (EF EPI 2024) — a real constraint the design addresses.
$48M–$225M
ICT export figures range from ~$48M (World Bank balance-of-payments, 2024) to ~$225M (GIZ sector estimate, 2019) depending on methodology.
How these constraints shaped the design is documented per initiative; the verification status of every figure is on the Research and Evidence page.
The gap this concept targets
The vacuum can be stated precisely: no standing, independent, U.S.-domiciled platform combines U.S. market execution for Jordanian SMEs, diaspora investment curation, and diaspora talent matching. Existing bodies each hold a piece of this; none operates the U.S. execution layer. In research, no dedicated Jordanian-American chamber of commerce was identified, and the existing U.S.-based Jordanian bodies are cultural and community associations rather than economic platforms.
The timing argument is equally specific. Jordan's flagship diaspora program (IOM–MoFAE, May 2026) prioritizes Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Canada — the U.S. lane is not yet a priority in Jordan's own strategy. A fresh trade window and an unclaimed lane together are the reason this concept is presented now.
U.S. lane open
Jordan's flagship diaspora program (IOM–MoFAE, May 2026) prioritizes Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Canada — the U.S. lane is not yet a priority in Jordan's own strategy.
How the proposed platform would sit inside the existing institutional landscape — without duplicating it — is drawn on the Ecosystem page. The sequenced response begins on the Initiatives page.