Concept proposal · For consideration

The Opportunity

What the documented record shows about the economic relationship between Jordan and the United States: a deep but narrow trade channel, a nearly empty investment lane, large unstructured flows, and a competitive base with disclosed constraints. Every figure on this page carries its source class and year; the full register is on the Research and Evidence page.

Trade architecture

From the FTA to the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade

The preferential frame is long-standing and was renewed this year. The 2001 U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement — America's first with an Arab country — eliminated tariffs on qualifying goods by 2010. On July 21, 2026, the U.S. and Jordan signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade — the first such agreement in the Middle East. QIZ shipments now account for only about 1% of Jordanian exports to the U.S. (USTR). FTA preference requires ≥35% qualifying value content and direct shipment (CBP). Official U.S. figures cite growth of more than 1,200% since the FTA (trade.gov). The trajectory was interrupted in 2025: …before a 20% U.S. 'reciprocal' tariff was applied to Jordanian goods in April 2025.

2001 FTA

The 2001 U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement — America's first with an Arab country — eliminated tariffs on qualifying goods by 2010.

  • Historical data
  • USTR

USTR / CBP · 2001 · accessed 2026-08-16

July 21, 2026

On July 21, 2026, the U.S. and Jordan signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade — the first such agreement in the Middle East.

  • Current data
  • USTR

USTR / White House · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

~1%

QIZ shipments now account for only about 1% of Jordanian exports to the U.S. (USTR).

  • Current data
  • USTR

USTR · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

>1,200%

Official U.S. figures cite growth of more than 1,200% since the FTA (trade.gov).

  • Historical data
  • Calculated

trade.gov (official U.S. figures) · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

Commercial announcements accompanying the 2026 agreement are recorded here as announcements, never as outcomes: Announced alongside the agreement: Royal Jordanian's $1.4B Boeing 787-9 purchase plus $500M in leasing, and $300M+/year of planned U.S. raw-material purchases (White House, July 2026). Hikma Pharmaceuticals announced $1B in new U.S. investment by 2030 (June 2025; Ohio and New Jersey) — a commitment also cited among the July 2026 trade-agreement announcements.

−$1,318.5M −$802.0M −$48.2M 2024 2025 2026 H1 U.S. goods balance with Jordan, USD millions 2026 figure is first-half, partial-year data
U.S. goods trade with Jordan, 2020–2025, with the first-half 2026 balance. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Jordan, accessed 2026-08-16 · chips: Current data Census.

Scale of the relationship

The numbers, goods and services

Two-way goods and services trade totaled an estimated $7.3B in 2024, up 15% (USTR). …including roughly $1.9B in services trade (USTR, 2024). In 2025, U.S. goods exports to Jordan reached $2.3B and imports $3.1B (U.S. Census Bureau). …and the goods gap narrowed to under $50M in the first half of 2026 (Census, partial-year data).

~$7.3B

Two-way goods and services trade totaled an estimated $7.3B in 2024, up 15% (USTR).

  • Current data
  • USTR

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

~$1.9B

…including roughly $1.9B in services trade (USTR, 2024).

  • Current data
  • USTR

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

$2.3B out / $3.1B in

In 2025, U.S. goods exports to Jordan reached $2.3B and imports $3.1B (U.S. Census Bureau).

  • Current data
  • Census

U.S. Census Bureau · 2025 · accessed 2026-08-16

under $50M

…and the goods gap narrowed to under $50M in the first half of 2026 (Census, partial-year data).

  • Current data
  • Census

U.S. Census Bureau · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

Goods ≈$5.4B Services ≈$1.9B $7.3B total · 2024 · USTR
Composition of two-way trade: goods and services, 2024. Source: Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, accessed 2026-08-16 · chips: Current data USTR.

The composition problem

One sector, one channel

The trade channel is deep but narrow. Over 90% of Jordan's garment exports go to the United States (U.S. ITA). Roughly 55–60% of U.S. imports from Jordan are apparel (2024 trade data). Concentration of this kind is a strategic vulnerability: demand shifts, sourcing decisions, or tariff treatment in a single category move the whole relationship. The proposed response is diversification through first-time exporters in consumer categories beyond apparel, sequenced on the Initiatives page.

>90%

Over 90% of Jordan's garment exports go to the United States (U.S. ITA).

  • Current data
  • ITA

U.S. ITA / sector data · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

~55–60%

Roughly 55–60% of U.S. imports from Jordan are apparel (2024 trade data).

  • Estimate
  • Labeled range

2024 trade data (ITA/Census) · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

55–60% Apparel Other goods U.S. goods imports from Jordan, 2024 >90% Jordan garment exports going to the U.S., 2024
What the United States imports from Jordan: apparel versus other goods, 2024. Source: 2024 trade data (ITA/Census), accessed 2026-08-16 · chips: Estimate Labeled range.

The investment gap

A nearly empty lane in both directions

U.S. FDI stock in Jordan was just $190M in 2022 on a historical-cost basis (BEA via State Dept) — the latest published figure. For comparison, Jordan attracted $1.6B in FDI in 2024 (UNCTAD/State Dept). The gap is not for lack of supply: Jordan's Ministry of Investment launched an investment map of 97 opportunities in November 2025, since expanded to ~100 (ministry reporting). Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022; the Aqaba Special Economic Zone's 5% income-tax rate; and the 2004 U.S.–Jordan tax treaty — each cited by name, from grade-A official sources. Nor for lack of official ambition elsewhere: …while the Jordan–EU Investment Conference (19 November 2026, Dead Sea) targets European capital behind a €3B EU package. The reverse lane — U.S. companies using Jordan as a production, services, or R&D base — has no standing promoter inside the United States. What a standing promoter looks like at scale, in the U.S. context: SelectUSA's Investment Summit has catalyzed $256B+ in announced U.S. investment projects and 130,000+ jobs (Commerce Dept) — announced, not realized.

$190M (2022)

U.S. FDI stock in Jordan was just $190M in 2022 on a historical-cost basis (BEA via State Dept) — the latest published figure.

  • Historical data
  • BEA

BEA via U.S. State Dept Investment Climate Statement · 2022 · accessed 2026-08-16

$1.6B

Jordan attracted $1.6B in FDI in 2024 (UNCTAD/State Dept).

  • Current data
  • UNCTAD

UNCTAD / U.S. State Dept · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

~100 opportunities

Jordan's Ministry of Investment launched an investment map of 97 opportunities in November 2025, since expanded to ~100 (ministry reporting).

  • Current data
  • MoI

Al Mamlaka TV (Nov 30, 2025) and MoI H1-2026 reporting · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

Law 21/2022

Investment Environment Law No. 21 of 2022; the Aqaba Special Economic Zone's 5% income-tax rate; and the 2004 U.S.–Jordan tax treaty — each cited by name, from grade-A official sources.

  • Current data

official legal texts · 2022 · accessed 2026-08-16

€3B

…while the Jordan–EU Investment Conference (19 November 2026, Dead Sea) targets European capital behind a €3B EU package.

  • Current data

jeic.invest.jo / Petra · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

$256B+ announced

SelectUSA's Investment Summit has catalyzed $256B+ in announced U.S. investment projects and 130,000+ jobs (Commerce Dept) — announced, not realized.

  • Announced

U.S. Commerce Department (SelectUSA) · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

Remittances versus investment

Large flows, almost none structured

Remittances to Jordan reached ~$4.4B in 2024 — about 7.6% of GDP (World Bank). IOM estimates ~8% of Jordanians live abroad, contributing over 11% of GDP through remittances, investment and knowledge transfer. The gap between the scale of these flows and the absence of structured vehicles is the reason an investment-curation initiative appears in Tier 2 rather than Tier 1: curation has to be built before capital can be introduced responsibly. Jordan has never issued a diaspora-targeted bond (verified by search of CBJ/ministry instruments).

~$4.4B

Remittances to Jordan reached ~$4.4B in 2024 — about 7.6% of GDP (World Bank).

  • Current data
  • World Bank

World Bank · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

>11% of GDP

IOM estimates ~8% of Jordanians live abroad, contributing over 11% of GDP through remittances, investment and knowledge transfer.

  • Estimate
  • IOM

IOM · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

none

Jordan has never issued a diaspora-targeted bond (verified by search of CBJ/ministry instruments).

  • Current data

search of CBJ/ministry instruments · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

$190M $1.6B $4.4B U.S. FDI stock in Jordan (2022 basis) FDI inflows to Jordan (2024) Remittances to Jordan (2024)
Remittances to Jordan (~$4.4B) against total FDI inflows ($1.6B), 2024. Sources: World Bank; UNCTAD via U.S. State Dept, accessed 2026-08-16 · chips: Current data World Bank UNCTAD.

Competitive base

What Jordan brings to the lane

Tradeable sectors

Pharmaceutical exports grew 15% in 2024 to JD 611M and a further 5% in 2025 to JD 642M (Petra/industry data). Four Jordanian pharmaceutical plants hold U.S. FDA-recognized certification, accounting for ~60% of pharma exports to the U.S. (peer-reviewed analysis). Jordan received ~225,000 medical tourists generating ~$1B in 2024 (U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide). The global Dead Sea cosmetics market is estimated at $1.2–1.6B and growing ~6% annually (industry market research).

JD 642M

Pharmaceutical exports grew 15% in 2024 to JD 611M and a further 5% in 2025 to JD 642M (Petra/industry data).

  • Current data
  • Petra

Petra / industry data · 2025 · accessed 2026-08-16

4 plants

Four Jordanian pharmaceutical plants hold U.S. FDA-recognized certification, accounting for ~60% of pharma exports to the U.S. (peer-reviewed analysis).

  • Current data
  • STUDY

peer-reviewed analysis (PMC) · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

~225,000

Jordan received ~225,000 medical tourists generating ~$1B in 2024 (U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide).

  • Current data
  • ITA

U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

$1.2–1.6B

The global Dead Sea cosmetics market is estimated at $1.2–1.6B and growing ~6% annually (industry market research).

  • Estimate
  • MARKET RESEARCH

industry market research · 2023 · accessed 2026-08-16

Digital and professional services

Jordan's ICT sector generates over $3.3B in revenue across 1,000+ firms (U.S. ITA). ~25,000 direct ICT jobs (U.S. ITA) — or 46,000+ ICT professionals per intaj's broader count; the two figures use different definitions and are never mixed. Jordan charges 0% tax on ICT exports.

>$3.3B

Jordan's ICT sector generates over $3.3B in revenue across 1,000+ firms (U.S. ITA).

  • Current data
  • ITA

U.S. ITA Country Commercial Guide · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

~25,000 (ITA)

~25,000 direct ICT jobs (U.S. ITA) — or 46,000+ ICT professionals per intaj's broader count; the two figures use different definitions and are never mixed.

  • Current data
  • Labeled range

U.S. ITA CCG / intaj · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

0%

Jordan charges 0% tax on ICT exports.

  • Current data

Jordan policy (invest.jo) · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

Macro frame and official targets

Jordan's economy grew ~2.6–2.8% in 2024–25, with GDP of ~$62B and a population of 11.6 million (World Bank/IMF). Jordan's Economic Modernisation Vision targets ~5.6% average growth, 1M+ jobs, and JD 41B of investment by 2033 — official targets, not outcomes. Actual growth (~2.6–2.8%) remains well below the Vision's 5.6% target — the gap this concept aims to help narrow.

~2.6–2.8%

Jordan's economy grew ~2.6–2.8% in 2024–25, with GDP of ~$62B and a population of 11.6 million (World Bank/IMF).

  • Current data
  • World Bank

World Bank / IMF · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

5.6% target

Jordan's Economic Modernisation Vision targets ~5.6% average growth, 1M+ jobs, and JD 41B of investment by 2033 — official targets, not outcomes.

  • Target

Jordan Economic Modernisation Vision · 2033 · accessed 2026-08-16

gap to 5.6%

Actual growth (~2.6–2.8%) remains well below the Vision's 5.6% target — the gap this concept aims to help narrow.

  • Calculated

World Bank/IMF vs EMV targets · 2025 · accessed 2026-08-16

Honest constraints

What the evidence does not support

Disclosing constraints is a deliberate design choice of this concept; a proposal that hides them would not survive the reader it is written for.

  • Jordan ranks ~105th of 116 on English proficiency (EF EPI 2024) — a real constraint the design addresses.
  • ICT export figures range from ~$48M (World Bank balance-of-payments, 2024) to ~$225M (GIZ sector estimate, 2019) depending on methodology. Any share of ICT exports must name its denominator.
  • The U.S. FDI stock figure is dated; its 2022 basis and historical-cost methodology are stated wherever it appears.
  • Diaspora size is published as a labeled range by discipline, never as a point estimate.
  • Diaspora participation rates in every impact scenario are assumptions, not data — see the Economic Impact page.

~105/116

Jordan ranks ~105th of 116 on English proficiency (EF EPI 2024) — a real constraint the design addresses.

  • Current data
  • EF EPI

EF EPI 2024 · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

$48M–$225M

ICT export figures range from ~$48M (World Bank balance-of-payments, 2024) to ~$225M (GIZ sector estimate, 2019) depending on methodology.

  • Estimate
  • Labeled range

World Bank BoP / GIZ sector study · 2024 · accessed 2026-08-16

How these constraints shaped the design is documented per initiative; the verification status of every figure is on the Research and Evidence page.

The gap this concept targets

A specific, verifiable institutional vacuum

The vacuum can be stated precisely: no standing, independent, U.S.-domiciled platform combines U.S. market execution for Jordanian SMEs, diaspora investment curation, and diaspora talent matching. Existing bodies each hold a piece of this; none operates the U.S. execution layer. In research, no dedicated Jordanian-American chamber of commerce was identified, and the existing U.S.-based Jordanian bodies are cultural and community associations rather than economic platforms.

The timing argument is equally specific. Jordan's flagship diaspora program (IOM–MoFAE, May 2026) prioritizes Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Canada — the U.S. lane is not yet a priority in Jordan's own strategy. A fresh trade window and an unclaimed lane together are the reason this concept is presented now.

U.S. lane open

Jordan's flagship diaspora program (IOM–MoFAE, May 2026) prioritizes Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Canada — the U.S. lane is not yet a priority in Jordan's own strategy.

  • Current data
  • IOM

IOM–MoFAE program launch, May 2026 · 2026 · accessed 2026-08-16

How the proposed platform would sit inside the existing institutional landscape — without duplicating it — is drawn on the Ecosystem page. The sequenced response begins on the Initiatives page.